れる・られる

れる

表記・読み：られる

1. 1

   indicates passive voice (incl. the "suffering passive")

   助動詞一段動詞～れる connects to -nai stem of 五段 verbs and to サ変 as さ～れる; ～られる connects to -nai stem of 一段 and カ変 verbs and to サ変 as せ～られる
2. 2

   indicates the potential form

   助動詞一段動詞no imperative form, not used on 五段 in modern speech
3. 3

   indicates spontaneous occurrence

   助動詞一段動詞no imperative form
4. 4

   used as an honorific for others' actions

   助動詞一段動詞no imperative formhonorific or respectful (sonkeigo) language